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Headshaking explained Maybe you’re just getting to grips with a new mount this spring or you’re bringing on your youngster.  Imagine your horror when you find your horse starts headshaking. Your dreams of being able to compete or even hack safely begin to crumble around you.   But don’t despair – headshaking need not mean the end to your horse’s riding career.  New research is helping vets and owners to better understand this condition and give practical solutions for managing the problem. What is headshaking? Nowadays it seems that everyone knows someone with a head shaker.  But what is a ‘head shaker’ and what distinguishes them from a horse with a short-term irritation or behavioural problem? Most horses shake their heads from time to time to get rid of flies or when frustrated. Horses that simply nod their heads when stabled or as they turn home from a ride, may not be head shakers but ‘nodders’, a condition that is responsive  to changes in management. ‘Nodders’ do not usually cause great problems to themselves or their owner. True head shakers do so persistently and for no apparent reason. They exhibit sharp, jerky vertical and horizontal head movements.  The severity of the movements can vary from small flicks to huge, sweeping arcs which threaten to hit the rider on the nose or unseat them. Experts now recognise that head shakers also exhibit symptoms that suggest the horse is suffering from irritation within or around the face and muzzle.  Head shakers that also snort excessively during an attack will try to rub their face or act as if a bee has gone up their nose. They may even run their nose along the ground or strike the ground during the attack.  Moreover the unpredictability of the length and occurrence of these attacks can severely limit a rider’s ability to compete or even ride safely. By Dr Katy Taylor De Montfort University

By Dr Katy Taylor,De Montfort University Head Shaking is not a single condition One of the most frustrating things about headshaking is that each case is unique. So, what causes headshaking in one horse may not be the cause in another. It’s important to recognise that headshaking is the symptom of a problem with the horse rather than being the problem itself, although it is often treated as such. There are over 60 known causes of headshaking, including ear, eye and respiratory problems, which makes a veterinary visit all the more important. Simply assuming your horse is an untreatable head shaker may cause more harm. Likewise, be wary of products that claim to cure all head shakers. Headshaking is not a behavioural or management problem Because headshaking often only arises when the horse is ridden, it is commonly attributed to tack problems, bad riding, or resistance. However, studies in the US and UK have shown that around 50% of head shakers also show symptoms at rest. So, whilst exercise always worsens the symptoms, most owners find that changes in tack or schooling have little effect. Researchers at De Montfort University and the University of Lincoln investigated head shakers and non‑head shakers and found no important differences in their diet, use or turnout. The relative unpredictability of the condition and symptoms suggest that the headshaking is not a behavioural one unlike weaving or nodding. Not all headshaking is caused by sunlight (photic headshaking) Head shaking has often been attributed to a reaction to sunlight, but whilst this may be so for some, especially animals in more sunny places like California, many European head shakers seem relatively unaffected by light. Riding indoors or at dusk can still bestow benefits other than by restricting exposure to light so the best test for the photic form of this problem is to carefully cover the horse’s face whilst exercising. Headshaking is not horse hay fever The seasonal nature of headshaking (50% of head shakers only have symptoms from March to October), together with the signs of nasal irritation, has led many to believe that headshaking is a respiratory disorder similar to human hay fever. However, vets remain sceptical because, in general, hay fever medication is not very effective. In addition, vets rarely find clinical signs of an allergic reaction. Although headshaking may be in response to particles in and around the nose, an allergic reaction may not necessarily be occurring. So what does cause headshaking? Given there are a variety of causes, a large proportion of head shakers are thought to be suffering from some kind of pain originating within the head. Nerve pain (neuralgia) has long been considered, ie. damage to the sensory nerves of the head, which may have resulted from physical damage to the nerves or following infection from certain viruses. The involuntary headshaking movement could be a response to the misfiring of a faulty nerve and the rubbing of the face in an attempt to relieve the discomfort caused. Facial neuralgia could account for the general hypersensitivity around the muzzle that many head shakers experience, particularly to rain, snow and wind. In some cases, exercise or particles may be causing the blood vessels in the nose to swell and ‘squash’ the nerve, causing it to misfire. The reasons why some horses head shake and others don’t are not yet known. Frequently the onset of their problem has been traced back to the beginning of the horse’s working life so the many changes that occur within the horse or in its environment during this time may hold part of the answer. Because the problem is often not apparent until the horse is exercised, headshaking could have arisen earlier when the horse was very young but has lain undetected until the horse was backed. Future research into how we can prevent headshaking in foals may be fortuitous once we know more about the causes of headshaking.

When I bought Fly in May 2020, the vetting noted she was a head shaker and warned me about the impact this may have on our ridden career and her comfort in life. When I spoke to her owner before purchasing she said it was just the flies which irritate her.  So I took the risk, and bought her! Through that first summer, I struggling a lot with Fly tossing her head around when ridden. I had never dealt with, or been around a head shaker before. I rode her in ear veils, which didn’t seem to make any difference, and then I tried her in a nose net, which helped slightly! Once the winter came all symptoms disappeared?    Roll onto 2022. I got the vet out to have a look at Fly as the head shaking seemed to be getting slightly worse, and was noticeable in the field, which was upsetting to see, as when you Google "head shakers" it’s not always the best outcome. One of the first comments the vet made when Fly stepped from the shade into the sun was ‘have you noticed she blinks more than twice the amount of the average horse’ and suggested she is sensitive to UV, hence the symptoms completely disappearing in the winter.    I did some research and came across Equilibrium’s Riding Mask - this has been life changing for Fly. Instantly the head shaking stopped, she was happy to be ridden in a consistent contact and concentrated a lot more while jumping. When I then started British Dressage and found that they allowed the mask to be worn, this was amazing news as without the mask, there wouldn’t be a possibility of Fly to now compete up to Medium level and attend championships!   Originally when I started British Eventing in 2022, they did not allow the ride on mask to be worn for the dressage phase, but after petitioning for this rule to be charged, this is now allowed!    Equilibrium’s Riding Mask, provides over 65% UV protection which helps protect Fly’s sensitive eyes, has an excellent, comfortable fit around any size and shape bride, and provides a barrier from flies.    Apart from Equilibrium’s Riding Mask and nose net, through the spring and summer, Fly wears a fly mask with over 70% UV protection in the field, and has antihistamines in her feed to keep any pollen related reactions to a minimum. Through summer she also goes out overnight and is stabled through the day to make her more comfortable.    How do I tell when she needs a helping hand? Once we get to March, I keep an eye on the UV index each day, and anything over 3 she has her protective items on. Bear in mind, it doesn’t have to be a sunny day for them to be affected, UV light will make reflections on surfaces which can affect the horses eyes. This usually lasts until the beginning of October.    Head over to my Instagram to follow our journey and ask me any questions about head shaking!    @lin.firefly  

What the Science Says About Managing Headshaking in Horses.  Headshaking can be a distressing and unpredictable condition—making horses toss or flip their heads repeatedly, often without warning. For riders and owners, it can be frustrating and even dangerous. While there’s no single cure, there are some products that can help. But not all Muzzle Nets are created equal. In this study, researchers set out to test just how effective these nets really are—and which designs work best. The results? Our very own Equilibrium Muzzle Net was among the top performers. What Is Headshaking—and Why Do Nose Nets Help? Headshaking is a clinical symptom, not a diagnosis. It can stem from various causes, but one of the most common is thought to be trigeminal-mediated headshaking—a condition where the horse’s facial nerve becomes hypersensitive. This can lead to discomfort triggered by sunlight, wind, exercise, or even changes in air pressure [Madigan et al., 1995]. The behaviours often include: Vertical or side-to-side head tossing Nose flipping Violent reactions resembling a “bee flying up the nose” Snorting, sneezing, or rubbing the nose on objects The Research: Comparing Nose Net Designs in the Field In a 2003 study published in the Veterinary Record, researchers Mills and Taylor assessed the effectiveness of three different muzzle nets: A traditional full net that covers the whole muzzle Half Net A, with a snug, adjustable fit (the Muzzle Net we offer) Half Net B, a similar design but with an elasticated hem Over a series of weeks, 36 horses with confirmed headshaking were trialled using each net. Owners recorded symptom changes on a detailed assessment sheet. What the Study Found – Half Net A in the Spotlight Feature Half Net A Half Net B Full Net Overall improvement 79% ✅ 76% 68% At least 50% improvement 76% ✅ 69% 65% At least 70% improvement 36% 35% 30% “Bee up the nose” symptom (≥70%) 50.0% ✅ 55.6% ✅ 34.5% ❌ Helped nose rubbing when standing still (50%+ improvement) ✅ Only net to do so ✖ ✖ Appearance rating Good Good Poor Ease of use Easy Easy Easy   Why Half Net A Is a Proven Choice Out of all the designs tested, Half Net A emerged as one of the most consistently effective, particularly for: Reducing up-and-down headshaking Controlling the intense “bee up the nose” reactions Minimising nose flipping and rubbing behaviours, both while moving and stationary It was also the only net to show significant improvement in nose rubbing when the horse was standing still. The Science Behind Nose Nets The prevailing theory is that nose nets offer tactile stimulation to the sensitive nerve endings in the front of the horse’s muzzle. This mild sensory input may help modulate or “distract” the overactive signals in the trigeminal nerve, which is thought to be the root cause in many cases of photic (light-triggered) or idiopathic headshaking [Madigan et al., 1995; Newton et al., 2000]. This makes nose nets a low-risk, effective solution for most horses. Who Can Benefit Most? The Muzzle Net is ideal for horses who: Shake their heads mostly during exercise React in sunlight, wind, or rain Display the classic nose flipping or “bee up the nose” behaviour Have mild to moderate seasonal headshaking Note: The study found that horses over 10 years old were slightly less responsive, especially for nose flipping and shaking during exercise. This may be due to more entrenched behaviours or underlying chronic factors. The Equilibrium Muzzle Net: Small Product, Big Difference It’s lightweight, adjustable, competition legal (always read the relevant rule books to check with your specific governing body), and has helped countless horses (and their riders) return to comfortable, focused work. ✅ Scientifically supported✅ Subtle, smart design✅ Comfortable and secure fit✅ Easy to use and clean✅ Adjustable for a closer fit. Shop Muzzle Nets Now Did you know? The Muzzle Net is the product that founded Equilibrium and was created to help a horse called Timmy, who was diagnosed as a headshaker at 5 years old. Timmy went onto have a successful ridden career and a well earned retirement well into his 20's.  References Mills, D.S., & Taylor, K. (2003).Field study of the efficacy of three types of nose net for the treatment of headshaking in horses.Veterinary Record, 152(2), 41–44.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12553579/ Madigan, J.E., Kortz, G., Murphy, C., & Rodger, L. (1995).Photic headshaking in the horse: 7 cases.Equine Veterinary Journal, 27(4), 306–311.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8536668/ Newton, S.A., Knottenbelt, D.C., & Eldridge, P.R. (2000).Headshaking in horses: possible aetiopathogenesis suggested by the results of diagnostic tests and several treatment regimes used in 20 cases.Equine Veterinary Journal, 32(3), 208–216.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10836475/ Mair, T.S., Howarth, S., & Lane, J.G. (1992).Evaluation of some prophylactic therapies for the idiopathic headshaker syndrome.Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement, (11), 10–12.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9109952/

Headshaking doesn’t mean an end to riding. Nose nets and other facial coverings have played a large part in returning many head shakers to normal function. They remain the most successful, preventative, home treatment for headshaking. A recent trial showed the use of nose nets halved the severity of headshaking symptoms in 50% of the horses studied with some improvement in symptoms seen in up to 80% of sufferers. In addition, our research has shown that nose nets do not appear to work by actively filtering out pollen particles and stop them from being inhaled – the holes are just too big! Instead, it is thought that they may work by distorting the airflow to the nose and their presence may distract or comfort the horse. British Dressage and British Eventing have now accepted the use of nose nets in competition. Face and ear nets can also be effective in alleviating headshaking which may suggest that for some horses there is a different cause or that these nets also have a distracting or protective role. Alleviating headshaking Creating a good relationship with your vet and trusting their judgement is an essential start to managing headshaking.  Drugs are available such as commonly used cyproheptadine and carbamazepine. Surgical techniques can be used to cut faulty nerves that are thought to cause headshaking. The success of these methods is variable but is increasing as we learn more about the condition. Keeping a diary of headshaking attacks may help you to identify potential triggers or times when the headshaking is worse. As a rule, preventing an attack is better than attempting to ride the horse through one. Remember, most head shakers are suffering from an underlying clinical problem that causes the headshaking. Some owners report improvements when their horses are stabled during the day and turned out at night in the summer. In addition, wetting hay reduces the possibility of any respiratory complications. A recent report concluded that acupuncture is unlikely to be of benefit in the majority of cases. With careful management, the outlook for many head shakers is bright and a happy and rewarding relationship can still be maintained.  Although it seems that in terms of potential causes we’re doing more ruling out than ruling in research is progressing and the future is promising.

We’ve added two bridle designs to our Net Relief range. The Muzzle Net for Anatomical Bridles and Muzzle Net for Grackle Bridles are available alongside the original Muzzle Net for Cavesson.  Headshaking can be one of the most distressing conditions a horse owner might have to deal with and ‘Net Relief’ is one of the most effective products in controlling the symptoms of head shaking. Research by De Montfort University found that nose nets offered relief for 79% of horses and that they are the most effective treatment found for sufferers. The Net Relief Muzzle Net is a contoured mesh that fits closely over the upper muzzle, allowing no restriction on the bit or the horse’s breathing and attaches easily to the horse’s noseband. Totally unobtrusive and permitted by British Dressage and British Eventing for use in competition (see rule applying to the use of nose nets for each organisation) “Would like to say thank you for having such an amazing product as your Muzzle Net. My boy was practically un-rideable during the summer months. I’ve used other nets and saw no difference, but then purchased your nets and it’s amazing the difference – NO headshaking, NO snorting and NO more being uncomfortable at all – it is amazing the difference! Thank you so much!” “My horse developed headshaking this year. It was a very severe head shake which results in bolting, throwing himself into the hedge and shaking up and down and side to side. He was virtually unrideable until I was advised by a friend to try your net for muzzles. He was not cured but it enabled him to put up with it enough to still be ridden and also compete. We have won a lot of different disciplines this year including show jumping at agricultural level, unaffiliated dressage and qualifying for the NPS working hunter novice finals. Without your product none of this would have been possible. We have just been to our south western welsh pony and cob performance awards where he won the ridden section c trophy and came 3rd overall!!! He was 2nd working hunter, 3rd dressage, 6th show jumping and 6th showing! Judges have been very good and not marked down for the net but just asked. I think his shaking has something to do with tree pollen as for a few late summer months he was fine. Thank you ever so much for such a fab product and I am glad even BD accept it now.” “During the Summer months, my horse suffers from a Pollen allergy which causes him to headshake and generally get very irritated and itchy around his nose area – that is until I tried Equilibrium Nose nets. They are fantastic and his head shaking has stopped completely and he is a lot more relaxed and happy. For the last three summers he has worn a no sent from April – October to help to relieve the hay fever like symptoms which he seems to suffer from. I now wouldn’t be without one during the summer – they are fantastic, especially as you can cut them down to get the perfect size to fit the individual horse.”

Horse fly masks are a common piece of equipment for horses, but many people don't realize that they also provide UV protection. In this blog post, we will discuss the importance of UV protection for horses and how horse fly masks can help. We will also provide some tips on choosing the right fly mask for your needs.  UV rays can damage the skin and eyes of horses. Preventing sunburn. Horses can get sunburned, just like humans. Sunburn can cause pain, inflammation, and even skin cancer. Horses with pink skin are more susceptible to this, however prolonged exposure can still cause damage for all horses.  Protecting the eyes. UV rays can damage the eyes, leading to cataracts, corneal ulcers, and other problems. Just as you might buy sunglasses with UV protection for you own eyes, horse equivalents are available too!  Preventing photosensitization. Photosensitization is a condition that occurs when a horse's skin is overexposed to UV rays. It can cause the skin to become red, itchy, and painful.  UV and Headshaking.  UV light can be a trigger for headshaking in horses. Headshaking is a condition in which a horse shakes its head violently, often in response to a trigger such as wind, sunlight, or dust. The exact cause of headshaking is unknown, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including: Inflammation of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and is responsible for sensation in the face. Inflammation of this nerve can cause pain, which can trigger headshaking. Allergies. Allergies to pollen, dust, or other environmental factors can also trigger headshaking. Nerve damage. Damage to the nerves in the head and neck can also cause headshaking.  Find out more about headshaking here.  Horse fly masks and rugs can provide UV protection.  Differing levels of UV protection are available. 100% UV is difficult to achieve in a fly mask as these are generally made from mesh to ensure visibility. The holes in the mesh will naturally allow some UV in - however if there weren't holes it would be unlikely that your horse will be able to see. Fly rugs with UV protection are commonly used not just for flies - but to reduce bleaching to your horses coat caused by the sun's rays. Think of it like garden furniture which usually has UV resistant fabric. The materials colour would fade much more quickly when left in the sun without any UV protection properties, when compared to UV resistant material.  There are a variety of horse fly masks available, so it is important to choose one that fits well and is comfortable for your horse.  Before choosing a mask for your horse, you should consider your horses full needs - do they have sensitive skin, are they easily irritated, what are the 'must-have' features for your fly mask? You might want to just shield their eyes, in which case a mask without ears or a nosepiece might do, however other masks are available offering more coverage if you need it. Other things such as padding, a close fit, the UV rating and protect guarantee are just some of the things you should consider. Read more about choosing the perfect fly mask here.  Conclusion Horse fly masks are an important piece of equipment for horses, and they can also provide UV protection. By choosing the right horse fly mask and cleaning it regularly, you can help protect your horse from the harmful effects of UV rays.  Tips: Choose a horse fly mask that fits well and is comfortable for your horse. Clean your horse fly mask regularly to prevent the build-up of bacteria and mould. Replace your horse fly mask if it becomes damaged. Apply sunscreen to your horse's exposed skin, such as its nose, even if they are covered by a horse fly mask. Where relevant, horses should be kept in the shade during the hottest part of the day in extreme temperatures. This will help to reduce their exposure to UV rays. Shade, be it natural or artificial, should always be accessible to your horse.

Understanding Sweet Itch.  The weather is getting warmer, the sun is high in the sky, and your horse starts itching and rubbing his mane and tail. Sound familiar? Many owners dread the onset of summer because of the continuous threat of sweet itch. Sweet itch, or Summer Seasonal Recurrent Dermatitis, is an allergic reaction to the bites and saliva of Culicoides midges. It affects any breed or age of horse and usually occurs between the months of April and October when midges are most active. The threat of sweet itch should decrease during spring and autumn and disappear during the winter. The allergic reaction can range from mild to very severe, resulting in hair loss and bleeding scabs, which may lead to infection. Therefore, it is essential to recognise sweet itch as soon as possible, and take action to prevent it worsening or, if possible, prevent it from occurring at all. What are the symptoms of sweet itch? Sweet itch symptoms can vary greatly between horses, as some suffer more serious effects than others. Mild symptoms include itching and rubbing, usually around the mane and tail and along the top of the back. This can cause patchy hair loss on the coat and loss of mane and tail hair, which may lead to broken and damaged skin. If left untreated, the damaged skin can become sore and infected. In severe cases, sweet itch can extend under the belly, and down as far as the legs. There are some behavioural signs to look out for, too. Horses suffering with sweet itch may become easily agitated, restless or lethargic and show a lack of concentration during work. Vigorous swishing of the tail or headshaking is also common. How do I prevent sweet itch?Prevention is better than cure, and there are a number of measures you can take to minimise the risk of your horse developing sweet itch. Good management Midges are mostly active at dawn and dusk, so if possible, bring your horse inside at these times. Try protecting your horse in the stable by applying fly repellent or cover the stable door with fly-proof netting. Be aware that certain field conditions are more attractive to midges since they congregate near water or boggy marshes, so try not to turn out near these areas. Fly repellents It’s important to do as much as possible to keep flies and midges away. Using a fly repellent can do just that, and they are available as sprays, creams or gels, so there is something to suit everyone. Horses respond differently to each brand of repellent, so make sure you find the one that is right for your horse. Although usually very effective, repellents do wear off the skin over time, so they may need to be applied a couple of times a day, or every few hours if midges become particularly bad. Sheets and hoods Specially designed sweet itch sheets and hoods are now available which enable horses to be turned out without the need for frequent application of repellents. Special fabrics are often used that midges are unable to penetrate. They added bonus is that they also protect the hair, mane, and tail from being rubbed. How do I treat sweet itch? When sweet itch strikes, it is important to treat it as soon as possible. Keep irritated areas clean and dry. If the skin is sore or broken, apply a healing agent like calamine lotion or a nappy rash cream such as Sudocrem®  to help soothe irritation and soreness. Remember that these products won’t protect from further bites. Rubbing benzyl benzoate into the skin is also known to help (although this is not recommended for use on broken skin), or look for an alternative made from natural ingredients. With good management and care, sweet itch is a manageable condition, allowing you and your horse to enjoy the summer months. However, if the sweet itch becomes too severe, or you are worried about infection, it is always wise to consult your vet. For more information or advice on sweet itch, contact the Itchy Horse Company (Formerly known as the National Sweet Itch Centre), Tel: (01352) 840333; visit: HTTP://WWW.itchyhorse.CO.UK